Many simple thermistors and pressure sensors are plug-and-play, but modern vehicles also contain sensors whose replacement changes a calibrated relationship. Steering-angle sensors, ride-height sensors, cameras, radar units, occupant-classification systems and some throttle bodies may require calibration, initialization or relearn.
Calibration is not cosmetic. A steering sensor that is several degrees off center can affect stability-control calculations. A forward camera or radar aimed incorrectly can affect collision-assistance functions. An occupant sensor calibrated incorrectly can affect airbag strategy.
Before replacing a sensor, check service information for setup requirements and required tools. Some procedures can be performed with a capable scan tool; others require targets, alignment equipment, level surfaces or manufacturer-specific software.
If you cannot complete the calibration correctly, plan for professional service before starting the replacement.